NARA'S NOTEPAD
VOLUME 23
MAY 2026
NUMBER 5
Thursday, April 30, 2026
COLOUR
Colours have the power to affect human emotions, thoughts, and actions. They can inspire, calm, excite, and even heal. The way we perceive and interpret colour is unique to each individual, yet colour has universal meanings that are perceived similarly among cultures and societies. The power of colour is evident in many aspects of life, from art and design to fashion and advertising.
In art and design, colour
is often used to evoke emotion and create moods. For example, warm colours such
as red and orange can inspire excitement, passion, and energy, while cool
colours such as blue and green can evoke calmness, tranquillity, and relaxation.
Just as musical notes can create harmonies and disharmonies, colours can create
harmony or tension when used together. The meanings of colours in art and design
are not always universal, but they can carry symbolic meanings that are
significant to individual cultures.
In fashion, colour can
make a bold statement, express our personalities, and even affect our moods. We
choose colours that appeal to us and that we feel comfortable in. Colour can be
used to convey professionalism, elegance, or simplicity. It can also be used to
attract attention, express confidence, or make a statement. The colour we choose
to wear can have an impact on how others perceive us and on our own
self-perception.
In advertising, colour is
used to create associations and influence purchasing decisions. Brands use
colours to create an emotional connection with their customers, and studies have
shown that colour can increase brand recognition by up to 80%. For example,
fast-food restaurants often use red and yellow because they are colours that
evoke hunger and excitement. Blue is associated with trust and reliability,
which is why many financial institutions use it in their branding. Green is
associated with nature and health, which is why it is often used in organic products
and healthcare.
Colour also has the power
to heal. Chromotherapy, or colour therapy, is a holistic approach to healing
that uses colour to balance the body's energy centres, or chakras. Different
colours correspond to different chakras and can be used to stimulate or calm
them, depending on the needs of the individual. For example, red is associated
with the root chakra, which governs our sense of stability and security, while
blue is associated with the throat chakra, which governs communication and self-expression.
ANTICIPATION
The feeling of anticipation can be a powerful and overwhelming sensation. It is the feeling of excitement and eagerness that builds up in our minds and bodies as we wait for something important or anticipated to happen. Anticipation can be felt in different ways and can be triggered by a variety of events, from a job interview or a first date to the arrival of a long-awaited package or the release of a new movie.
Anticipation is a complex
and multifaceted emotion that is closely related to other emotions such as
excitement, hope, and anxiety. It can be a positive or negative feeling,
depending on the context and the outcome. Positive anticipation is when we are
looking forward to something good or exciting, like a vacation or a wedding.
Negative anticipation, on the other hand, is when we anticipate something unpleasant, such as a medical procedure or a difficult conversation.
The feeling of
anticipation can be both a mental and physical experience. Mentally, we may think
about the event, imagine different scenarios, and visualise how we want things
to unfold. This mental process can create an intense sense of excitement and
eagerness that can be felt throughout our entire bodies. Physically,
anticipation can manifest in different ways, such as a racing heart, trembling
hands, sweaty palms, or a feeling of butterflies in our stomachs.
Despite the fact that
anticipation can be an emotional rollercoaster, it is often seen as a positive
emotion. This is because anticipation is closely linked to hope, which is a
powerful motivator that helps us stay focused on our goals and dreams.
Anticipation can also be a source of inspiration and creativity, as we use our
imaginations to visualise the future and create possibilities in our minds.
In conclusion, the
feeling of anticipation can be an intense and powerful emotion that can be both
positive and negative. It is a complex emotional experience that involves both
mental and physical sensations, and it can be triggered by a variety of events.
Anticipation can be a source of excitement, creativity, and hope, and it can
help us stay motivated and focused on our goals and aspirations.
TENNIS
As a tennis player, setting goals is a crucial step towards achieving success. Whether you are a beginner or a professional athlete, your goals can help guide your training, motivate you during matches, and define your progress over time. Here are some common tennis goals that players often set for themselves:
1. Improve your technique: Technical
proficiency is essential if you want to become a better tennis player. By
setting a goal to improve your strokes, footwork, and serve, you can focus on
refining your technique. For instance, if you struggle with your backhand, you
can work on it during practice sessions, seek feedback from a coach, and watch
instructional videos to learn new techniques.
2. Increase your fitness: Tennis
demands a high level of endurance, agility, and speed. By setting a goal to
improve your fitness, you can enhance your physical capabilities and reduce
your risk of injury. You can set specific goals, such as running faster
sprints, doing more cardio exercises, and building strength in your core and legs.
3. Compete at a higher level:
Competitive tennis is an exciting way to challenge yourself and measure your
progress. Setting a goal to compete at a higher level can motivate you to work
harder and improve your skills. You can join tournaments or leagues, play
against stronger opponents, and seek feedback from experienced players to
identify areas of improvement.
4. Improve your mental game: Tennis is
not only a physical sport but also a mental one. Your mindset, focus, and
confidence can impact your performance on the court. By setting a goal to
improve your mental game, you can develop coping strategies for stress and
pressure, enhance your visualisation skills, and learn ways to stay calm and
composed during matches.
5. Have fun: Tennis is a sport that should bring you
enjoyment and satisfaction. By setting a goal to have fun, you can foster a
positive attitude towards the game, appreciate your progress, and celebrate
your achievements. You can also play with friends, try new things, and
experiment with different playing styles to keep things interesting.
Overall, setting goals is a vital aspect of tennis training. Having a clear vision of what you want to achieve can help you develop a plan, track your progress, and stay motivated. Remember to set realistic, achievable goals that align with your skill level, interests, and strengths. With persistence and dedication, you can reach your tennis goals and become a better player.
MARGARET THATCHER
Margaret Thatcher, also known as the "Iron Lady," was the first female Prime Minister of Britain. She served as a leader from 1979 to 1990, making a significant impact on the country and global politics. Thatcher's conservative policies, free-market economics, and strong leadership style transformed Britain's economic and political landscape fundamentally.
Born on October 13, 1925, in Grantham,
Lincolnshire, Thatcher was an intelligent and ambitious young woman. After
studying chemistry at Oxford University, she worked as a research chemist
before deciding to pursue a career in politics. She was elected to Parliament
in 1959 as a member of the Conservative Party and quickly made a name for
herself as a force to be reckoned with.
Thatcher's rise to power began in 1975, when
she was elected as the leader of the Conservative Party. At the time, the UK
was in a state of economic decline and political turmoil, with high inflation,
high unemployment, and widespread industrial unrest. Thatcher promised to
restore Britain's economic prosperity and national pride, and the British
people gave her a landslide victory in the 1979 general election.
Thatcher's economic policies were based on a
free-market ideology that emphasized reducing government intervention,
deregulation, and privatization. She implemented deep spending cuts, sold off
state-owned industries, and reduced the power of trade unions, which had long
dominated British politics. Many of her policies were highly controversial and
led to widespread protests and strikes.
Despite the opposition, Thatcher remained
resolute and unwavering in her convictions, earning her reputation as the
"Iron Lady." She believed in the importance of individual freedom,
responsibility, and initiative, and saw herself as a champion of the common man
against the power of the state.
Thatcher's leadership was not without
controversy. Her staunch opposition to the European Union, her handling of the 1982 Falklands War, and her close relationship with the Reagan administration in the US, were all highly divisive issues
that continue to shape British politics to this day.
Thatcher resigned as Prime Minister in 1990
after a leadership challenge within her party. She was succeeded by John Major,
but her legacy as one of the most significant political figures of the 20th
century continues to live on. Thatcher's policies transformed British society and economy, paving the way for the globalization of the 1990s and shaping the political landscape of
modern Britain.
TO QUOTE
Optimism is the faith that leads to achievement. Nothing can be done without hope and confidence – Helen Keller
Everything
that is done in this world is done by hope – Martin Luther
JUST TO LAUGH
Yesterday, I booked a private taxi to the airport.
When I arrived at my destination, the driver gave me
his business card for future booking.
Dr Ramanand Tripathi, PhD.
Wow! I was surprised and quizzed him, “Why are you
driving a taxi with such high qualifications?”
He replied, Dr. is the short form for Driver.”
“Then what about a PhD?
“I am a Privately-hired Driver.”
LINES I LIKED
Ø Ego has never told us the truth.
Ø Ego is the primary obstacle to enlightenment.
Ø Eighty per cent of the results come from twenty per cent of the effort.
Ø Embrace all your emotions; they’re all part of who you are.
Ø Embrace the power of the possible.
Ø Effective beliefs don’t encourage violence.
Empowering yourself isn’t a selfish act.
Meet you next month –2026
Professor A. Narayanan, PhD, FISPP
SEND YOUR
COMMENTS TO:
E-mail: arumugakannu@gmail.com
Ph: 0422 4393017 Mobile: 75399 15614
(NARA’S
NOTEPAD)
Tuesday, March 31, 2026
SELFISHNESS AND SELFLESSNESS - A DUAL PERSPECTIVE ON HUMAN NATURE
Human nature is complex, embodying both selfish and selfless tendencies. Throughout history, philosophers, psychologists, and scholars have debated the balance between these two traits, arguing over their implications for individual success, social harmony, and moral responsibility. While selfishness often carries a negative connotation, it is not inherently evil; rather, it can be a tool for self-preservation and progress. On the other hand, selflessness is widely praised for fostering community and compassion, yet it can sometimes lead to self-neglect. Understanding both selfishness and selflessness helps us navigate ethical relationships and the pursuit of personal fulfilment.
Defining
Selfishness and Selflessness
Selfishness is the act of prioritising one’s own needs,
desires, and interests, often at the expense of others. It manifests in various
ways, from individualistic ambition to outright exploitation. Philosophers like
Thomas Hobbes argued that humans are inherently selfish, driven by a survival
instinct and personal gain. This view suggests that selfish behaviour is natural
and, in many cases, necessary for progress.
Conversely, selflessness is characterised by concern for
others, often involving personal sacrifice. Altruism, a key component of
selflessness, is deeply embedded in moral and religious teachings worldwide.
Philosophers such as Immanuel Kant emphasised the importance of duty and moral
law, advocating for ethical behaviour that transcends personal benefit. However,
selflessness is not always without cost, as excessive self-sacrifice can lead
to burnout, exploitation, and even resentment.
The
Psychology of Selfishness
Psychologically, selfishness stems from a survival instinct. Evolutionary biologists argue that selfishness is encoded in human nature
as a mechanism for self-preservation. The concept of “selfish genes,” popularised by Richard Dawkins, suggests that organisms prioritise their survival and reproduction, sometimes appearing selfish in pursuit of these ends.
Modern psychology expands on this, differentiating between
healthy and unhealthy selfishness. Healthy selfishness involves setting
boundaries, pursuing personal goals, and ensuring one’s own well-being, which
ultimately benefits society. A person who takes care of their mental and physical
health, for example, is better equipped to contribute to their family and
community. In contrast, unhealthy selfishness manifests in narcissism,
manipulation, and exploitation, leading to fractured relationships and social
discord.
The Virtues
and Pitfalls of Selflessness
While selflessness is often revered, it has its challenges. Acts of selflessness strengthen bonds, foster trust, and build strong communities. From a psychological standpoint, helping others releases endorphins, creating a sense of fulfilment known as the “helper’s high.” Additionally, selflessness enhances one’s reputation, fostering goodwill and reciprocal kindness. However, excessive selflessness can lead to self-neglect. Individuals who constantly prioritise others may experience emotional exhaustion, frustration, or a loss of identity. This phenomenon is seen in caregivers, who often suffer from burnout when they neglect their own needs. Moreover, some people exploit selfless individuals, leading to toxic relationships and power imbalance.
Selfishness Vs Selflessness in Society
The tension between selfishness and selflessness is evident in economics, politics, and social structures. Capitalism, for instance, thrives on self-interest, as individuals compete for success and invitation. Adam Smith, the father of modern economics, argued that personal ambition inadvertently benefits society by driving progress and efficiency. However, unchecked selfishness leads to corporate greed, income inequality, and ethical violations.
On the other hand,
socialist principles emphasise collective welfare and selflessness. While those
ideas promote social harmony, they can sometimes discourage individual
initiative, leading to stagnation. Striking a balance to avoid stagnation. Striking a
balance between these forces is crucial for a just and functional society.
In politics, leaders
grapple with the balance between serving their constituents and pursuing
personal or national interests. Policies that prioritise collective well-being,
such as social security and public healthcare, stem from selfless governance.
However, political corruption and self-serving decisions illustrate the darker
side of selfish leadership.
The Balance between Selfishness and Selflessness
A healthy society and a fulfilled individual require a balance between selfishness and selflessness. Too much selfishness results in isolation and conflict, while excessive selflessness can lead to exploitation and loss of self-worth. The key lies in “ethical selfishness,” a concept that integrates self-care with social responsibility.
For instance,
professionals who seek personal success while contributing to society achieve a
meaningful balance. Entrepreneurs who innovate while ensuring fair wages and
ethical practices exemplify this principle. Likewise, individuals who maintain
healthy personal boundaries while still being compassionate create shorter,
more genuine relationships.
Conclusions
Selfishness and selflessness are two sides of the same coin, each playing a role in human existence. While selfishness drives ambition and self-preservation, selflessness fosters connection and empathy. Recognising the value of both traits allows individuals to lead balanced, fulfilling lives and contributes to a more just society. Ultimately, neither selfishness nor selflessness should dominate to create a world that values both individual well-being and collective prosperity.
TYPES OF PUNISHMENT
Punishment can be categorised into several types, each with its own methods and implications. These include corporal punishment, imprisonment, fines, community service, and capital punishment.
1. Corporal Punishment: Corporal punishment involves the
infliction of physical pain as a penalty for wrongdoing. Historically, it has
been used in various forms such as flogging, caning or branding. While corporal
punishment is now widely criticised and banned in many countries, it persists
in some legal systems and educational settings. Critics argue that it is
inhumane and can lead to physical and psychological harm, while proponents claim
it is an effective deterrent.
2. Imprisonment: Imprisonment is one of the most
common forms of punishment in modern legal systems. It involves confining
offenders in prisons or jails for a specified period. While imprisonment serves
the purposes of retribution, deterrence, and incapacitation, it is often
criticised for its high social and economic costs as well as its potential to
exacerbate criminal behaviour through exposure to violent environments.
3. Fines: Fines are monetary penalties imposed
on offenders. They are commonly used for minor offences and are considered a
less severe form of punishment. Fines can be effective in deterring certain
types of behaviour, particularly white-color crimes. However, they may
disproportionately affect low-income individuals, raising concerns about
fairness and equity.
4. Community Service:
Community service requires offenders to perform unpaid work for the
benefit of the community. This form of punishment is often seen as a
constructive alternative to incarceration, as it
allows offenders to make amends while contributing to society. However, its
effectiveness depends on the nature of the offence and the willingness of offenders to
engage in the assigned tasks.
5. Capital Punishment: Capital punishment, or the death
penalty, is the most severe form of punishment. It is reserved for the most
serious crimes, such as murder or treason. The
use of capital punishment is highly controversial, with debates centring on
its morality, effectiveness, and potential for wrongful convictions. While some argue that it serves as a powerful
deterrent and provides closure for victims’ families,
others contend that it violates
human rights and fails to address the root causes of crime.
WHISPERS OF SUMMER
Golden rays dance upon the sea,
A warm embrace, wild and free.
The sky is vast, a canvas bright,
Bathed in endless golden light.
Soft winds hum through emerald trees,
Rustling secrets in the breeze.
Butterflies in colours bold,
Wings like whispers, tales untold.
Fields of flowers stretch so wide,
Sun-kissed petals, side by side.
Laughter rings where rivers run,
Children chasing fleeting sun.
Ice cream drips, so cool, so sweet,
Barefoot steps on scorching streets.
Salty air and crashing waves,
Echoes from deep ocean caves.
Twilight falls, yet lingers long,
Fireflies dance to crickets’ song.
Moonlight glows on silver sands,
Nightie woven by gentle hands.
Oh, summer days, so bright, so fleet,
A fleeting dream, yet oh, so sweet.
Held in heart, though time may stray,
A golden memory, tucked away.
TO QUOTE
The best way to predict the future is to invent it. – Steve Jobs
Thinking
is hard work, which is why you don’t see many people doing it. – Sue
Grafton
The
roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet. – Aristotle
The
tragedy of life doesn’t lie in not reaching your goal. The tragedy lies in
having no goal to reach. - Anonymous
JUST TO LAUGH
The Scoutmaster was very bossy, but he did insist that the boys should have good food at camp. One day, he saw two Scouts carrying a large soup bowl. ‘Get me a spoon. I want to taste that,’ he ordered.
The boys started to object,
but the Scoutmaster broke in, ‘I don’t want any arguments. Do as I say.’
The spoon was found, and he
took a large mouthful. Then he spluttered angrily, ‘You don’t call this soup,
do you!’
‘No, Sir,’ one of the Scouts
answered. ‘We tried to explain. It’s dishwater.’
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