Bioremediation is an ecologically sound natural process where natural strains of bacteria breakdown organic wastes most effectively. Bioremediation is one of the most promising new technologies for treating industrial wastes (solid and liquid), municipal / urban wastes (sewages), mining wastes (including effluents containing heavy metals etc.), chemical spills and hazardous wastes, etc. This list is nearly all embracing indeed. It can be used as an in situ remediation technology with indigenous micro-organisms or can be used in an ex situ mode in either composite piles or bioreactors. By altering the types of microorganisms present, nutrients and climatic conditions (pH, moisture, temperature, and oxygen levels), microbial degradation can be enhanced. In situ bioremediation can be implemented in many treatment modes – including aerobic (oxygen respiration), anoxic (nitrate respiration) and anaerobic (non-oxygen respiration) and co-metabolic. The aerobic mode has proved to be the most effective mode in reducing contaminant levels of aliphatic and aromatic petroleum hydrocarbons from gasoline (petrol) and diesel fuels.
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