NOBEL PRIZES - 2013

PHYSICS

 

Physiology or Medicine: James Rothman (US) Randy Schekman (US) Thomas C. Suedhof (Germany, US) For - plotting how cells transfer vital materials such as hormones and brain chemicals to other cells, giving insight into diseases such as Alzheimer's, autism and diabetes.

 

Physics: Francois Englert (Belgium) Peter Higgs (UK) For - predicting the existence of the Higgs boson particle that explains how elementary matter attained the mass to form stars and planets.

 

Chemistry: Martin Karplus (US, Austria) Michael Levitt (US, UK) Arieh Warshel (US, Israel) For - laying the foundations for development of computers to understand complex chemical processes from the purification of exhaust fumes to photosynthesis, which helps in complex processes such as the development of drugs.

 

Literature: Alice Munro (Canada) For - being a master of the contemporary short story. Munro is acclaimed for her finely tuned storytelling, which is characterised by clarity and psychological realism. Some critics consider her a Canadian Chekhov.

 

Peace: Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) For - its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons.

 

Economics: Eugene Fama (US) Lars Peter Hansen (US) Robert Shiller (US) For - their empirical analysis of asset prices.