Medicine: Mario Capecchi (USA), Martin Evans (UK) and Oliver Smithies (USA) for the creation of ‘designer mice’ to track the role of different genes in human development and disease.
Physics: Albert Fest (France) and Peter Gruenberg (Germany) for their pioneering work that led to the miniaturized hard disk, one of the breakthroughs in modern information technology – Giant Magneto Resistance (GMR).
Chemistry: Gerhard Ertl (Germany) for studies of chemical reaction on solid surfaces, which are key to understanding such questions as why the ozone layer is thinning – Surface Chemistry.
Literature: Doris Lessing (UK) for five decades of epic novels that have covered feminism and politics, as well as her youth in Africa.
Peace: Al Gore (USA) and the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the international campaign for action against Global Warming. The IPCC is headed by an Indian environmentalist Dr. Rajendra K. Pachauri.
Economics: Americans Leonid Hurwicz, Eric S. Maskin and Roger B. Myerson for developing a theory that helps explain situations in which markets work. They laid the foundations of mechanism design theory which plays a central role in contemporary economics and political science.
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